Action of hormones
The effect of hormonal drugs on the body depends on what processes they regulate. For example, the use of somatotropin in childhood can help cure dwarfism, insulin injections reduce blood sugar levels in diabetics, and progesterone or estrogen regulate everything related to the female reproductive system.
The action will be either regulatory or active. In the first case, the administered drug “gives a command” for the synthesis of other substances and corrects the functioning of organs. The second type of action provides that the hormone, after administration, personally changes some process or indicator.
Similar medications are available in the form of ointment, tablet, solution, injection, lotion, cream, patch and other variations. Each of them has a different effect on the body, because it depends on how much of the drug enters the bloodstream. The most powerful are hormonal oral (tablets and solutions) and injectable drugs. Among external use products, ointments are the leaders, while lotions, creams and patches are very poorly absorbed into the blood.
What is fertility
What is female fertility in simple words? The term “fertilis” is translated from Latin as “fertile” and refers to the ability of a person of reproductive age, in this case a woman, to conceive a child.
In men, reproductive age begins at 14 - 16 years and can last up to 80 years and even longer. In women, fertility occurs with the onset of regular periods. With age, the ability to get pregnant decreases and disappears completely with the onset of menopause.
Female fertility depends on the ability to conceive, carry and give birth to a child. This function is determined by physiology. A girl develops millions of follicles in the prenatal period; at birth, their number decreases and amounts to 1 - 1.5 million. Before the period of menarche - the first menstruation, 300 - 400 viable germ cells remain. Of these, during the entire reproductive period, only 400 - 500 follicles mature and can give rise to a new life.
Normally, in each menstrual cycle, an egg or eggs mature and ovulation occurs. There are anovulatory cycles, when the egg does not mature and fertilization is impossible. Such cycles rarely occur in young girls; they become more frequent with age.
Features of hormonal drugs
Such a broad concept as “hormonal drugs” includes various medications.
- Contraceptives.
- Treatments (drugs that cure diseases, for example, somatotropin in childhood treats dwarfism caused by its deficiency).
- Regulating (various tablets for normalizing the menstrual cycle or hormonal levels).
- Supportive (insulin for diabetics).
They all have different effects on a woman’s body.
Colombia
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In Colombia, women are discouraged from walking alone on city streets, especially in the evening, to avoid the risk of being harassed or even sexually assaulted. At the same time, it is alleged that the police are in no hurry to provide assistance to the victims and look for the rapists. In addition, Colombia holds one of the first places in the world in the number of armed robberies: criminals almost always have firearms with them, which carries additional danger. And a single woman is too tempting a target for criminals to let them pass on.
Contraceptives
Without contraceptives, it is difficult to avoid unwanted pregnancy, and constantly using condoms or other mechanical methods of protection can be inconvenient. Therefore, many drugs have been developed for the fairer sex, the use of which does not cause pregnancy.
Most often, the effect of contraceptives is that they prevent the egg from attaching to the walls of the uterus, so the development of the fetus becomes impossible. The use of contraceptives in the form of pills is popular today, but along with the positive qualities, there are also negative consequences for the woman’s body:
- menstrual irregularities (due to incorrect selection of the drug);
- swelling and weight gain (due to the body not taking medications);
- hair loss, brittle nails and dry skin (due to improper selection);
- lethargy, poor health, decreased libido.
But all these qualities in 90% of cases manifest themselves due to incorrect or independent selection of contraceptives. Only a gynecologist can select such serious medications, because for this it is necessary to analyze the woman’s hormonal data. Under no circumstances prescribe oral contraceptives on your own, because just because some contraceptives didn’t make one girl feel bad, this doesn’t mean that they will suit others.
But not everyone can use this method of protection. There are several contraindications for the use of hormonal contraceptives:
- presence of problems with the background;
- taking antibiotics;
- pregnancy;
- problems with the cardiovascular system;
- age less than 17 years;
- excess weight and allergic reactions.
During the period of such protection, chronic diseases may worsen. Discuss all the details with your doctor or gynecologist before you start taking contraceptives.
Physiological causes of decreased fertility
The physiology of men and women is different. If men produce reproductive cells throughout their lives, then women have a certain limit. Peak fertility occurs between 20 and 30 years of age. After 30 years, the ability to conceive and bear a child gradually decreases, and the risk of miscarriage and other problems increases.
In addition, throughout life, eggs are exposed to negative factors. Because of this, cells may die or lose their ability to conceive. The process of oocyte division, which occurs twice during maturation, is also important. As we age, this process can become disrupted, increasing the likelihood of chromosomal abnormalities. Because of this, the likelihood of conception decreases, and when pregnancy occurs, genetic abnormalities occur and possible miscarriage.
Thus, the physiological reasons for decreased fertility are:
- menopause is the decline of reproductive functions, during which the concentration of hormones on which the possibility of conception depends decreases. After menopause, hormone production stops, pregnancy becomes impossible;
- The lactation period is accompanied by the synthesis of prolactin, which is a natural contraceptive and inhibits the maturation of follicles and ovulation. The effect lasts as long as the woman breastfeeds every 3 hours (even at night). After cessation of lactation, pregnancy can occur in the first cycle, before menstruation.
Treating
This group treats the body from diseases and disorders. Such hormonal preparations can be in the form of tablets or external use. The former are used to treat serious diseases caused by hormonal imbalances. The latter affect more locally, at the places of use.
Often, girls synthesize few hormones responsible for the synthesis of new cells, so cracks or bleeding wounds appear on the skin, especially in winter, and do not heal. To treat them, a dermatologist may prescribe a cream, ointment, or lotion with certain hormones.
Often, ointments contain corticosteroids, which, when applied to the skin, are absorbed into the blood within a few hours and begin to act.
How does this group affect the body? This issue should be taken seriously, because the medications that are used most require attention when prescribing, determining the dosage and duration of the course, because the wrong step will cause complications of existing disorders.
Egypt
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The problem of sexual harassment is becoming more and more acute for Egypt - although it would seem that there is nowhere more acute. At the same time, this concerns local women, who generally dress and behave as Muslims should, to a lesser extent. But tourists suffer much more: they are impudently pressed against them in the crowd, intrusively pestered and openly offered sex. Even a chance eye contact with a tourist in a crowd is interpreted as an attempt at flirting, which is why many women prefer to wear sunglasses even in cloudy weather. Appearing outside tourist areas in revealing clothing can also be dangerous. Therefore, a woman in Egypt should always be on guard.
Regulatory
Due to the crazy pace of life, daily poor nutrition, bad habits, sedentary lifestyle and new-fangled diets, women often suffer from menstrual irregularities. This negatively affects the development of the reproductive system, the general condition of the body, increases the risk of developing breast cancer, and can also cause infertility. But there is a solution to this problem, because most often the cycle goes wrong due to changes in hormonal levels.
Therefore, a detailed blood test is taken for these substances. Such procedures are not cheap, because working with hormones is very difficult, but remember: treating the consequences of disorders will cost much more, so take care of your body in a timely manner.
After identifying specific hormones that are deficient or in excess, a course of medications is prescribed to regulate their levels. These could be pills or injections. Often, gynecologists prescribe oral contraceptives to normalize the menstrual cycle. Don't be afraid, they are not trying to deceive or make things worse. Depending on the test results, some hormonal remedies actually improve menstruation without causing negative consequences.
The influence of regulatory agents depends on the correctness of their selection and dosage, because the body requires active substances in the smallest doses, so it is very easy to cross the line of the norm. For example, if you overdo it with progesterone injections when there is a lack of it, you may experience swelling, nausea, hair loss and pain in the mammary glands.
Kenya
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Kenya is dangerous for tourists due to the high number of violent sexual crimes committed in this country. Robberies on city streets are also not uncommon here. And recently, the Al-Shabab terrorist group has become more active in the country, whose members often kidnap tourists for ransom, and sell abducted women and girls into sexual slavery. Previously, tourist areas were considered safe, but today a number of attacks by bellicose local residents on crowded tourist areas have already been recorded, so even a safari trip may be unsafe.
Supporters
These pills or injections keep the body normal if diseases or disorders can no longer be cured. This may be due to chronic diseases, constant malfunctions, poor functioning of endocrine organs, and others. For example, without insulin injections, a diabetic can die within a few days, even if he does not eat sweets.
Thyroxine tablets can stop the development of myxedema in people with thyroid dysfunction. These drugs can often cause harm:
- loading the gastrointestinal tract;
- irritating the mucous membranes of the stomach or intestines;
- causing hair loss or other unpleasant symptoms.
But it is impossible to refuse them, because these are the drugs that keep the patient alive.
Hormonal drugs have a profound effect on a woman’s body, especially if they are oral contraceptives or regulating agents. Therefore, remember that only a specialist can prescribe them after detailed tests. Tablets, injections, ointments and other medications with hormones often disrupt the functioning of the digestive system, excretory system, and can cause weakness, so consult your doctor if such symptoms occur.
How testosterone affects a person's life
Of all the hormones produced in the human body, testosterone is often the one that receives the most attention. And this is not surprising, because it is primarily customary to associate with it the courageous appearance and typical behavior of representatives of the stronger half of humanity.
And women often have to deal with this issue, for example, when planning a pregnancy or when trying to adjust their weight. So how exactly does testosterone level affect different areas of a person’s life, and what consequences can its deficiency or, conversely, excess lead to? Let's try to figure it out.
Testosterone and sex
It is no secret that testosterone and potency in men are very closely related - it is this hormone that plays the most important role in the emergence of sexual desire and the regulation of sexual behavior in general. To maintain its sufficient level, two internal organs are responsible for the production of testosterone in men - it is produced in the testicles and adrenal glands.
Even under ideal conditions - with an attractive partner, a conducive environment, good physical well-being and a suitable psychological mood - low testosterone levels can jeopardize the very fact of having an erection.
Of course, it cannot be said that every man who faces the problem of impotence suffers from hormonal imbalance. But erection and testosterone are inextricably linked, so if problems arise in your sexual life, first of all you should find out whether the level of male hormones in the body has decreased and, accordingly, whether the number of female hormones has increased.
In addition, testosterone deficiency provokes other diseases that can ultimately lead to erectile dysfunction, for example, metabolic disorders or obesity.
But hormones determine the quality of sexual life not only in men - in the female body, the function of testosterone production is assigned to the adrenal glands, and any problems in their work affect interest in the opposite sex and the pleasure received during sex.
This means that sex drive in women is also largely determined by testosterone - libido decreases significantly when it is deficient and returns to normal if the balance of hormones is restored.
And although representatives of the fair half of humanity, unlike men, need a relatively small level of testosterone in the blood to maintain sexual interest and libido, its role in women’s lives does not become less important.
Testosterone during pregnancy
When considering the issue of hormones and pregnancy, the first thing to mention is how important the balance of these substances in a woman’s body is in order for her to conceive a child. And male hormones play a significant role in this.
Male sex hormones are no less important during pregnancy. In the blood of the expectant mother, not only the concentration of estrogen and progesterone increases, but also testosterone - during this period it is produced by the adrenal cortex, ovarian follicles, placenta and the fetus. Accordingly, those who are expecting the birth of a boy should have more male hormones in their bodies - starting from a certain period, they are actively produced by the child’s testicles.
In addition, testosterone in pregnant women is involved in preparing the mammary glands for lactation, regulates mood, behavior and activity of the sebaceous glands, ensures phosphorus-nitrogen metabolism and plays an important role in maintaining the health of the musculoskeletal system.
It is known that at the end of the 1st and during the 2nd trimester, the level of male hormones in the body of the expectant mother reaches its peak, 3-4 times higher than the same indicators in women who are not pregnant. But if the amount of testosterone continues to increase, there is a threat to the life of the unborn baby - at 4-8 and 13-20 weeks of pregnancy, its excess can lead to spontaneous abortion or fetal death due to impaired uterine growth.
And although the expectant mother’s body has special protective mechanisms that protect the baby from the negative effects of hormonal substances, throughout pregnancy it is extremely important to monitor their levels and, if necessary, promptly correct them.
The connection between testosterone levels and weight
Contrary to popular belief, the role of male sex hormones in the human body goes far beyond the limits of his sexual life.
Thus, testosterone, among its other functions, is responsible for building muscle mass, which means it prevents the deposition of excess fat.
That is, fat and testosterone are incompatible in principle, especially for men - overweight among representatives of the stronger half of humanity in the vast majority of cases indicates a hormonal imbalance.
When the level of this hormone is normal or high, the nutrients contained in the food consumed are used to build muscle tissue; when the level is low, they quickly turn into fat deposits.
If a man’s waist circumference exceeds the critical mark of 94 cm, he should seriously think about the state of his body, or more precisely, about its hormonal background. In addition, belly fat itself produces substances that further reduce testosterone production.
And if they form a double chin and continue to accumulate on the thighs and legs, we can say that the man begins to become obese - testosterone in this case is suppressed by the increased amount of female sex hormones that form the corresponding body type.
Testosterone has a similar effect on the physique of women. Its deficiency makes the muscles flabby and less elastic, fat metabolism in the body is disrupted, which is why excess weight quickly accumulates. Testosterone deficiency can be associated with hormonal disorders or due to completely natural reasons - the onset of menopause. During this period, ovarian activity decreases, so the level of male sex hormones deviates more and more from the norm. As a result, extra pounds appear, and the typical “pear-shaped” figure type for a woman gradually changes to an “apple-shaped” one.
With a normal level of testosterone, problems with excess weight become much less - this hormone prevents the formation of fat deposits and helps to maintain a fit, athletic figure without significant effort.
Testosterone and hair on the head and body
The thickness of hair in men directly depends on the amount of testosterone and its derivatives in the body. A high concentration of the hormone in the blood ensures hair growth on the face, chest, legs and arms, but as soon as the indicators deviate from the norm, the changes become visible to the naked eye.
Hair loss is often a consequence of hormonal disorders - testosterone, contained in insufficient quantities in the blood, makes the hair on the chest, legs and groin area thin and fluff-like. Testosterone and a beard are also connected - a normal amount of the hormone ensures thick facial hair; at high levels, men even have to shave every day, and its deficiency, on the contrary, provokes the appearance of hair-free areas.
Bald patches on the head in men can be a sign of not only low, but also high testosterone levels. In the first case, its deficiency makes the hair follicles unviable and gradually leads to their death. In the second, testosterone begins to be distributed unevenly, providing abundant vegetation on the chest and back, for example, and “exposing” the crown, forehead and temples.
Only such a decoction will trigger REGENERATION of the thyroid gland
The goiter will disappear in 3 days! This remedy has become a sensation in the treatment of the thyroid gland!
Thus, the role of testosterone in a person’s life is difficult to overestimate - the normal functioning of not only the male, but also the female body largely depends on its level. Therefore, the slightest signs of deficiency or excess of this hormone are a good reason to consult a specialist who can accurately determine the cause of the problem and eliminate it in time, preventing serious complications.
Morocco
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Morocco is a country where all tourists are at increased risk of theft of personal belongings from pockets and bags in shops, markets and simply on city streets. A number of street scammers specialize specifically in single tourists who feel insecure on the street: under the pretext of help or directions, a woman can be lured to a deserted place, where she is in danger of being robbed or becoming a victim of sexual violence. In addition, travelers need to be aware of local cultural characteristics. In Morocco, it is not customary for a woman to sit alone at a table in a cafe - this will be regarded as an invitation to a man, and therefore you are unlikely to be able to sit alone with a cup of coffee.
UAE
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In the United Arab Emirates, women have no rights, and this also affects tourists. A woman who goes for a walk, sits at a bar, or even rides in a taxi alone is by default perceived as a slut and, therefore, an easy sexual prey. Any attempt at light small talk with a taxi driver or salesperson will be considered flirting and will lead to sexual harassment. Additionally, the UAE criminalizes sex between unmarried people, with penalties typically targeting women first. So a tourist who travels with a boyfriend or, God forbid, gets a local boyfriend, can find herself in a very unpleasant situation.
